Authored by Ahmad al-Buni
The book is widely attributed to the Algerian Sufi mystic and occultist Ahmad ibn Ali al-Buni, who lived in the 13th century CE. He was known for his extensive knowledge of esoteric sciences.
A Comprehensive Grimoire
Shams al-Ma'arif is one of the most famous and influential grimoires in the Arab and Islamic world, containing instructions for magic, talismans, astrology, spirit invocation, geomancy, and the use of jinn.
Highly Controversial and Forbidden
The book is considered highly controversial and by many Islamic scholars, forbidden (haram) due to its focus on practices deemed to border on shirk (idolatry or polytheism) and the manipulation of unseen forces. It is often associated with black magic.
The Sun of Gnosis
Its full title is "Shams al-Ma'arif al-Kubra wa Lata'if al-'Awarif," which translates to "The Great Sun of Gnosis (or Knowledge) and the Subtleties of Elevated Insights."
Enduring Influence on Folk Magic
Despite its controversial nature, Shams al-Ma'arif has had a profound and enduring influence on folk magic, occult practices, and the understanding of jinn and spiritual entities in various parts of the Middle East and North Africa.
Warnings of Danger
The text itself contains warnings to readers about the potential dangers of practicing the rituals without proper knowledge, spiritual purity, or initiation, implying severe consequences for misuse.
Emphasis on Divine Names
A significant portion of the book focuses on the mystical properties and uses of the ninety-nine Names of God (Asma al-Husna) and various Quranic verses for magical purposes, including healing, protection, and summoning.
Abridged and Censored Editions
While originally a lengthy manuscript, many modern printed editions are abridged, censored, or incomplete due to the sensitive and controversial nature of its content, making a full, unedited version difficult to find.
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